Skip to main content
Figure 1 | Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations

Figure 1

From: Years of Life Lost due to exposure: Causal concepts and empirical shortcomings

Figure 1

Two exchangeable twins 1 and 2. Birth at b(1) = b(2); allocation of exposure at t(1) = t(2): twin 1 exposed, twin 2 unexposed; death at d(1) ≤ d(2) ; excess years of life lost due to exposure e-YLL = d(2) - d(1); potential death time under no exposure pd(1) = d(2); pd(2) = d(2). Years of potential life lost YPLL(i) = pd(i) - d(i), i = 1,2; excess years of potential life lost e-YPLL = 1(pd(1) - d(1))-0(pd(2)-d(2)) = e-YLL.

Back to article page