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Table 1 Reported risk factor exposure and crude odds ratios for different notifiable enteric diseases (using published aggregate national data for 2006 [19])

From: Case-case analysis of enteric diseases with routine surveillance data: Potential use and example results

 

Reported exposure to risk factor (RF)*

Crude odds ratio (OR)**

 

Yes

No

Unknown

% Reported the RF

% Unknown

OR

95% CI

Overseas travel

Shigellosis

49

32

21

60.5

20.6

23.9

15.1 – 37.8

Giardiasis

157

434

623

26.6

51.3

5.6

4.5 – 7.0

Salmonellosis

184

770

381

19.3

28.5

3.7

3.1 – 4.5

Cryptosporidiosis

43

480

213

8.2

28.9

1.4

1.0 – 1.9

Yersiniosis

19

266

202

6.7

41.5

1.1

0.69 – 1.8

Campylobacteriosis

304

4734

10,835

6.0

68.3

1.0 (ref)

 

Food consumption from a food premise

Shigellosis

23

24

55

48.9

53.9

0.87

0.49 – 1.5

Salmonellosis

310

364

661

46.0

49.5

0.77

0.66 – 0.91

Yersiniosis

72

136

279

34.6

57.3

0.48

0.36 – 0.64

Giardiasis

100

270

844

27.0

69.5

0.34

0.27 – 0.43

Cryptosporidiosis

79

225

432

26.0

58.7

0.32

0.24 – 0.42

Campylobacteriosis

2096

1903

11,874

52.4

74.8

1.0 (ref)

 

Consumption of untreated drinking water

Giardiasis

168

293

753

36.4

62.0

2.9

2.4 – 3.6

Cryptosporidiosis

152

286

298

34.7

40.5

2.7

2.2 – 3.3

Salmonellosis

149

588

598

20.2

44.8

1.3

1.1 – 1.6

Yersiniosis

47

187

253

20.1

52.0

1.3

0.92 – 1.8

Shigellosis

6

39

57

13.3

55.9

0.78

0.33 – 1.9

Campylobacteriosis

679

3451

11,743

16.4

74.0

1.0 (ref)

 

Contact with recreational water

Cryptosporidiosis

143

337

256

29.8

34.8

3.5

2.8 – 4.4

Giardiasis

138

359

717

27.8

59.1

3.2

2.6 – 4.0

Shigellosis

10

35

57

22.2

55.9

2.4

1.2 – 4.8

Salmonellosis

134

667

534

16.7

40.0

1.7

1.4 – 2.1

Yersiniosis

29

222

236

11.6

48.5

1.1

0.73 – 1.6

Campylobacteriosis

474

3948

11,451

10.7

72.1

1.0 (ref)

 

Contact with farm animals

Cryptosporidiosis

284

250

202

53.2

27.4

2.8

2.4 – 3.4

Yersiniosis

72

136

279

34.6

57.3

1.3

0.99 – 1.8

Giardiasis

139

365

710

27.6

58.5

0.95

0.77 – 1.2

Salmonellosis

217

643

475

25.2

35.6

0.84

0.71 – 0.99

Shigellosis

2

43

57

4.4

55.9

0.12

0.03 – 0.48

Campylobacteriosis

1289

3215

11,369

28.6

71.6

1.0 (ref)

 

Contact with sick animals

Cryptosporidiosis

107

333

296

24.3

40.2

7.1

5.4 – 9.2

Giardiasis

24

412

778

5.5

64.1

1.3

0.82 – 2.0

Salmonellosis

37

747

551

4.7

41.3

1.1

0.76 – 1.6

Yersiniosis

11

230

246

4.6

50.5

1.0

0.56 – 2.0

Shigellosis

0

45

57

0.0

55.9

0.0

-

Campylobacteriosis

177

3884

11,812

4.4

74.4

1.0 (ref)

 

Contact with symptomatic people

Giardiasis

146

327

741

30.9

61.0

3.9

3.2 – 4.9

Cryptosporidiosis

118

365

253

24.4

34.4

2.9

2.3 – 3.6

Shigellosis

11

46

45

19.3

44.1

2.1

1.1 – 4.1

Salmonellosis

107

705

523

13.2

39.2

1.3

1.1 – 1.7

Yersiniosis

24

222

241

9.8

49.5

0.95

0.61 – 1.5

Campylobacteriosis

442

3901

11,530

10.2

72.6

1.0 (ref)

 

Contact with confirmed cases (of the same specific disease)

Giardiasis

108

414

692

20.7

57.0

7.3

5.7 – 9.5

Shigellosis

8

49

45

14.0

44.1

4.6

2.1 – 9.8

Cryptosporidiosis

27

417

292

6.1

39.7

1.8

1.2 – 2.8

Salmonellosis

35

739

561

4.5

42.0

1.3

0.92 – 1.9

Yersiniosis

1

201

285

0.5

58.5

0.14

0.02 – 1.0

Campylobacteriosis

185

5210

10,478

3.4

66.0

1.0 (ref)

 

Contact with human faecal matter

Giardiasis

151

324

739

31.8

60.9

3.6

2.9 – 4.4

Cryptosporidiosis

151

343

242

30.6

32.9

3.4

2.7 – 4.2

Yersiniosis

49

202

236

19.5

48.5

1.9

1.3 – 2.6

Salmonellosis

117

701

517

14.3

38.7

1.3

1.0 – 1.6

Shigellosis

3

49

50

5.8

49.0

0.47

0.15 – 1.5

Campylobacteriosis

504

3850

11,519

11.6

72.6

1.0 (ref)

 
  1. Notes:
  2. * For within the incubation period of each particular disease.
  3. ** Crude odds ratios not adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity or any other covariates.